Standardized tests compare students' performance to that of a norming or sample group who are in the same grade or are of the same age. Students' performance is communicated in percentile ranks, grade-equivalent scores, normal-curve equivalents, scaled scores, or stanine scores.

Examples: Iowa Tests; SAT; DRP; ACT

A student's performance is measured against a standard. One form of criterion-referenced assessment is the benchmark, a description of a key task that students are expected to perform.

Examples: DIBELS; Chapter tests; Driver's License Test; FCAT (Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test)

Survey tests typically provide an overview of general comprehension and word knowledge.

Examples: Interest surveys; KWL; Learning Styles Inventory

Diagnostic tests assess a number of areas in greater depth.

Examples: Woodcock-Johnson®; BRI; "The Fox in the Box"

Formal tests may be standardized. They are designed to be given according to a standard set of circumstances, they have time limits, and they have sets of directions which are to be followed exactly.

Examples: SAT; FCAT; ACT

Informal tests generally do not have a set of standard directions. They have a great deal of flexibility in how they are administered. They are constructed by teachers and have unknown validity and reliability.

Examples: Review games; Quizzes

Measures what the student has learned.

Examples: End-of-chapter tests; Final examinations; Standardized state tests

Measures the students' grasp of material that is currently being taught. Can also measure readiness. Formative tests help guide and inform instruction and learning.

Examples: Quizzes; Homework; Portfolios